The Semiconductor industry underpins nearly every modern technological advancement, from consumer electronics and telecommunications to automotive systems and artificial intelligence. At the heart of this ecosystem lies VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), a discipline that combines electronics, logic design, and system-level thinking to create complex integrated circuits. As demand for https://slidingclassroomboardtela19641.thezenweb.com/design-for-testability-as-a-strategic-discipline-in-vlsi-development-77878695